There is no thermostat. When you filled the engine from the swirl pot, very little/no coolant got into the rad. When you filled the rad from the top hose, it took a lot of coolant. When you ran the engine, the block gets hot but not the rad.
Water pumps leak and/or wear their bearings out. Very, very seldom is there an impeller issue and certainly not in two in a row.
All the above adds up to a blockage in the system.
Remove both upper and lower rad hoses completely. Look through the damn things (especially the lower). Is there a rag stuck in there? Is there a flap of rubber partially torn loose? Spray water from a garden hose through each in both directions to make darn sure. Pour water in the rad inlet. Does it also immediately pour out the lower outlet?
Remove the swirl pot. Pour water in the "thermostat" opening. Does it pour out the water pump (where the lower hose goes).